ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Urgent blood component transfusions may be life-saving for patients in hemorrhagic shock. Measures to reduce the time taken to provide these transfusions, such as uncrossmatched transfusion or abbreviated testing, are available. However, transport time is still an additional delay and the use of a pneumatic tube system (PTS) may be an alternative to shorten the transport time of blood components. Objectives: To assess pneumatic tube system transportation of blood components based on a validation protocol. Methods: Pre- and post-transport quality control laboratory parameters, visual appearance, transport time and temperature of the packed red blood cells (RBCs), thawed fresh plasma (TFP), cryoprecipitate (CR), and platelet concentrate (PC) were evaluated. Parameters were compared between transport via pneumatic tube and courier. Results: A total of 23 units of RBCs, 50 units of TFP, 30 units of CR and ten units of PC were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-transport laboratory results. There was also no difference in laboratory parameters between transport modalities (PTS versus courier). All blood components transported matched regulatory requirements for quality criteria. The temperature during transport remained stable and the transport time via PTS was significantly shorter than the courier's transport time (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The PTS was considered a fast, safe and reliable means of transportation for blood components, also securing quality prerequisites.
Subject(s)
Blood Component Transfusion , Quality Control , HemolysisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Urgent blood component transfusions may be life-saving for patients in hemorrhagic shock. Measures to reduce the time taken to provide these transfusions, such as uncrossmatched transfusion or abbreviated testing, are available. However, transport time is still an additional delay and the use of a pneumatic tube system (PTS) may be an alternative to shorten the transport time of blood components. OBJECTIVES: To assess pneumatic tube system transportation of blood components based on a validation protocol. METHODS: Pre- and post-transport quality control laboratory parameters, visual appearance, transport time and temperature of the packed red blood cells (RBCs), thawed fresh plasma (TFP), cryoprecipitate (CR), and platelet concentrate (PC) were evaluated. Parameters were compared between transport via pneumatic tube and courier. RESULTS: A total of 23 units of RBCs, 50 units of TFP, 30 units of CR and ten units of PC were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-transport laboratory results. There was also no difference in laboratory parameters between transport modalities (PTS versus courier). All blood components transported matched regulatory requirements for quality criteria. The temperature during transport remained stable and the transport time via PTS was significantly shorter than the courier's transport time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The PTS was considered a fast, safe and reliable means of transportation for blood components, also securing quality prerequisites.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: To evaluate the levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium in individuals with spinal cord injury and to identify related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study included men with spinal cord injury, living in the South Region of Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate socioeconomic data, life habits and health. The time elapsed since the spinal cord injury was considered. Vitamin D was evaluated in plasma via liquid chromatography; calcium and PTH were measured in serum by a colorimetric method and electrochemiluminescence respectively. For data analysis, linear regression and chi-square test were utilized. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The study included 39 paraplegic or tetraplegic men with spinal cord injury. The mean age was 35.52±9.78 years, and the mean time since injury was 6.09±5.55 years. The mean biochemical levels were: 19.0 ±6.98 ng/mL for vitamin D; 9.54±0.52 mg/dL for total calcium; and 34.81±10.84 pg/mL for parathyroid hormone. Individuals with sun exposure for more than two hours daily had higher vitamin D levels than those exposed up to one hour per day (p=0.001). Linear regression identified an inverse relationship between lesion time and vitamin D levels (regression coefficient: -0.424; p=0.029), while the other parameters did not show significant differences regarding the time elapsed since the lesion. Subjects with income above four minimum wages had higher vitamin D values (mean 25.67±5.45 ng/mL) when compared to those with income up to four minimum wages (mean 18.43±6.79 ng/mL) (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Levels of vitamin D were inversely correlated to the time elapsed since the spinal cord injury, probably due to insufficient sun exposure resulting from prolonged limitation of mobility. In addition, lower levels of vitamin D were associated to lower income. These factors may aggravate bone loss associated with decreased mobility resulting from spinal cord injury.
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os níveis de vitamina D, hormônio paratireoide e cálcio em indivíduos com lesão medular e identificar fatores relacionados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal incluiu homens com lesão da medula espinhal, vivendo na Região Sul do Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e saúde. Foi investigado o tempo transcorrido após a lesão medular. A vitamina D foi avaliada no plasma por meio de cromatografia líquida; o cálcio e o hormônio paratireoideo foram dosados no soro por um método colorimétrico e eletroquimioluminescência respectivamente. Para a análise de dados, foram utilizadas regressão linear e teste do qui-quadrado. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: O estudo incluiu 39 homens paraplégicos ou tetraplégicos com lesão da medula espinhal. A média de idade foi de 35,52±9,78 anos e o tempo médio de lesão foi de 6,09±5,55 anos. As médias dos níveis bioquímicos foram: 19,0±6,98 ng/mL para vitamina D, 9,54±0,52 mg/dL para cálcio total e 34,81±10,84 pg/mL para hormônio paratireoideo. Indivíduos com exposição ao sol por mais de duas horas por dia apresentaram maiores níveis de vitamina D do que os expostos até uma hora por dia (p=0,001). A regressão linear identificou uma relação inversa entre o tempo de lesão e os níveis de vitamina D (coeficiente de regressão: -0,424; p=0,029), enquanto os outros parâmetros não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao tempo decorrido desde a lesão. Os indivíduos com renda acima de quatro salários mínimos apresentaram maiores valores de vitamina D (média de 25,67±5,45 ng/mL) quando comparados com aqueles com renda até quatro salários mínimos (média 18,43±6,79 ng/mL) (p=0,021). CONCLUSÕES: Os níveis de vitamina D foram inversamente correlacionados com o tempo decorrido desde a lesão da medula espinhal, provavelmente devido à exposição insuficiente ao sol resultante da limitação prolongada da mobilidade. Níveis mais baixos de vitamina D foram associados a menor renda. Estes fatores podem agravar a perda óssea associada à diminuição da mobilidade resultante da lesão da medula espinhal.
Subject(s)
Male , Spinal Cord Injuries , Vitamin D , Paraplegia , Parathyroid Hormone , Social ClassABSTRACT
The phenomenon of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) has been studied since the observation of a higher kidney allograft survival in patients who had received a higher number of transfusions. Conversely, it has been suggested as one of the possible causes related to the development of infections in patients with multiple blood transfusions and/or after a major surgery, and has been also associated with a decreased function of natural killer cells (NK) and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), reduced cell-mediated immunity, and increased regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review aimed to conceptualize TRIM and discuss some aspects related to its mechanisms and the prevention of immunomodulatory events.
